Pharmacogenomic🧬

⚜Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genes affect a person’s response to drugs. This field combines pharmacology (the science of drugs) and genomics (the study of genes and their functions) to develop effective, safe medications that can be prescribed based on a person’s genetic makeup.

♻️The benefits of pharmacogenomic:

Pharmacogenomics eventually can lead to decrease in the cost of health care because of decreases in:

▪︎the number of adverse drug reactions.

▪︎ the number of failed drug trials;

▪︎the time it takes to get a drug approved; 

▪︎ the length of time patients are on medication;

▪︎the number of medications patients must take to find an effective therapy; 

▪︎ the effects of a disease on the body (through early detection

⚜Pharmacogenomic influences on drug response have traditionally been divided into four categories based upon the impact of genetic variability on the pharmacologic properties of a drug :

▪️Effect on drug pharmacokinetics; an example is a genetic variant that alters drug 

metabolism, affecting plasma concentration. 

▪️Effects on pharmacodynamics; an example is a genetic variation that reduces binding of 

the drug to its receptor, thereby decreasing therapeutic efficacy. 

▪️Effects on idiosyncratic reactions, such as the likelihood of a hypersensitivity reaction to a certain drug. 

▪️Effects on disease pathogenesis or severity and response to specific therapies; these  include specific molecular defects related to the pathogenesis of certain malignancies for  which specific targeted therapies have been developed.

🗒-As an example, the SLCO1B1 (solute carrier organic anion transporter family, member 1B1, MIM *604843) gene encodes organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1). This peptide is localized at the membrane of hepatocytes and mediates uptake of substrates from sinusoidal blood, resulting in their net excretion from the blood, likely via biliary excretion. Inherited polymorphisms in the SLCO1B1 gene and OATP1B1 levels appear to be important determinants of plasma methotrexate levels and toxicity following administration of high-dose methotrexate

Resources 

-https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3299179/