Study at the University of Karbala Examines Trace Element Levels in the Fluids and Tissues of Dialysis Patients and Healthy Individuals

A Ph.D. dissertation at the College of Science, University of Karbala, investigated the levels of trace elements in human fluids and tissues for dialysis patients and healthy individuals in Iraq.

The study, submitted by student Rusul Aziz Jaafar from the Department of Chemistry, aimed to explore a potential relationship between trace element concentrations and the onset of kidney dialysis.

It also statistically examined the impact of factors such as health status, gender, and smoking on the research sample, identifying the interactions between these factors and trace elements.

The study suggested methods for utilizing blood serum and nails as biological indicators in the human body.