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This region is characterized by the availability of a sea of groundwater that extends over large areas between Iraq and Saudi Arabia. This water has been exploited by drilling wells and planting large areas with field crops that are tolerant to the salinity of that water. There are also significant projects to grow these areas with oases of palm trees and economic fruit trees, and this has been rationalized. Consumption of well water for irrigation through the use of economical irrigation methods such as sprinklers and drip irrigation to suit the nature of the sandy soil that does not retain water for long periods.

The most prominent plans and strategies that must be followed to achieve a sustainable environment and address the decline of

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