{"id":3796,"date":"2015-03-31T19:00:25","date_gmt":"2015-03-31T16:00:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/?p=3796"},"modified":"2015-03-31T19:00:25","modified_gmt":"2015-03-31T16:00:25","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/blog\/2015\/03\/31\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%86%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a7%d8%aa\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648 pH \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0642\u062f \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0633\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u00a0 Enzyme \u0625\u0630\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0635\u0646\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 (\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633) \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u0645\u0634\u0649 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0633\u064a\u0629Catalysts \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0644\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645<\/strong> \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632<\/strong> \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a (\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647) \u0637\u0631\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0639 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u060c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u00a0 Effect of Temperature<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 45\u0645 \u0652 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0632\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 55 \u0652 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0628\u0637\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u064a Thermal Denaturation.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629<\/strong> Effect of pH \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 pH \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0639 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0640 pH \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636\u0629 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0623\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0637\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0647\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 pH \u0628\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 pH \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 Optimal pH.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640 pH \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0632\u064a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u064a\u062c\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 (Buffer) \u0630\u064a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0646 pH\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u0636\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 (In Vivo). \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645 (\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629\u0623\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 In vitro) \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a05- <\/strong>\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> Activation<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064a\u0629\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629. \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645\u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 Froenzymes \u0623\u0648Zymogens (\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a)\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a Trypsinogen \u0648 Pepsinogen \u0647\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646 Trypsin\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646 Pepsin\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a01- \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f Peptide (\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) \u064a\u0639\u0648\u0642 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0628\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629\u0648\u0647\u064a (\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u2013 (\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0643) 4 \u2013 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0646)\u060c \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649Enterokinase.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a02- \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0644 (-SH) \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u0621\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0647. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 (\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u062f (-S-S-) \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062d\u062f\u062b \u0645\u062b\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0644\u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 (-SH) \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a03- \u062b\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 (\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642Cofactor) \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a \u064a\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623 – \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629) Prosthetic Groups. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0643\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628 – \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a Coenzymes\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u0628\u0633\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0633\u0646\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u00a0 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 B2<\/sub>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 B1<\/sub>) \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646 (\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646 B6<\/sub>) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c – \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062f\u0646\u064a\u0629 Metal Activator \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u063a\u0646\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u064b \u0636\u0639\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u0623\u0648<\/strong> \u0625\u0639\u0627\u0642\u0629<\/strong>) <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> Inhibition<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a (\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645) \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c\u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u2013 \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 Inhibitors. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0646:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637<\/strong> \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u0623\u0648<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/strong> Reversible or Competitive:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0634\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n

2- \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

3- \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 (HOOC-CH2<\/sub>-COOH) Malonic Acid \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 (HOOC \u2013CH2<\/sub>-CH2<\/sub>-COOH) Succinic Acid \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 Succinic Dehydrogenase. \u0641\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062d\u0645\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u0642\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647.\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0628<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637<\/strong> \u063a\u064a\u0631<\/strong> \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a<\/strong> \u0623\u0648<\/strong> \u0644\u0627<\/strong> \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a<\/strong>\u00a0 Non-Competitive Inhibition<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0648\u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u2013 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u2013 \u0625\u0630 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0645.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062b\u0628\u064a\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0643\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f(\u0627\u064a\u0648\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0643 SH \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645phosphate dehydrogenase, \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0643\u064a\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0646\u0628 \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0643\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062c\u0646\u0627\u062a \u2013 \u0623\u0648 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u062f\u0642\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0 Specificity<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0647 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0644\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0622\u062e\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u0649 \u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0641\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0628\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 Group Specificity. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0642\u062f \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u064a\u062f(\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0647\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a Aldohexoses) \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0643\u0633\u0648\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 Kinase \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062fATP. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 \u0641\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 (Absolute Specificity).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 Stereospecificity\u060c \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 D\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 L. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0636\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u2013 L \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 D \u0648 L \u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a Racemases\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 Cis \u0648 Trans\u060c\u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 Cis \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633. \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 Fumarase \u064a\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0621\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 Trans (\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 Cis (\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0643 Maleic). \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u0642\u0637 (\u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u062b\u0644 \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/strong> Nomenclature and Classification<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0623\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u064b \u064a\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c\u0623\u0648 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u2013 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1964 \u2013 \u0644\u063a\u0631\u0636 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u062c\u062d \u0623\u0646\u0647\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0633\u0646\u0643\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u062a\u062d\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062b\u0631\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629<\/strong>\u00a0 Hydrolytic Enzymes:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 (H-OH) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062a\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u00a0 Esterases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631. \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 (\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u0646 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062e\u0641\u0636 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 True Lipases \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 (\u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0628) \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (\u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a) \u0648\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0631\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0628\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

3- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a Phosphatases \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0637 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0646 HPO4<\/sub>—<\/sup>, H2PO4<\/sub>—<\/sup> \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 pH \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u064a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0645\u0632 Pi \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

4- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a Pyrophosphateses \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0628\u064a\u0646\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0643) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0648\u0631\u062a\u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a (\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629).<\/span><\/p>\n

5- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 Nucleases \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 RNA \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 Ribonuclease.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0628<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong> Carbohydrases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627:<\/span><\/p>\n

1- \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0632\u0627\u062a Glycosidases \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 Invertase \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 Polysaceharidases (\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0644\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062c\u0646…) \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632. \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0632 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627(Amylase-\u03b1) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062c\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632.. \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0637\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b\u0623\u0632\u0631\u0642\u0627\u064b (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621). \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0632 \u2013 \u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 (Amylase-\u03b2) \u064a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062d\u0646\u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632 \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062c<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong>\u00a0 Proteases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646: \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a Peptidases \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 Carboxy Peptidases . \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u062d\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649Amino Peptipases. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a Proteinases (\u0648\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u064b Endopeptidases) \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u064b<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/strong> Phosphorylases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0643\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0632\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0623\u064a \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062c\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0648\u0632 -1- \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0628<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u0633\u0641\u0631\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f + n (\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a) \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 n (\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u062f \u062b\u0646\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u064b<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0632\u0627\u0644<\/strong>\u00a0 Oxidation Reduction Enzymes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0639\u0628 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0630\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0647\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623<\/strong> – <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646<\/strong> Dehydrogenases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0630\u0631\u062a\u064a \u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0647\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u064a\u062e\u062a\u0635 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0646.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0628<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629<\/strong> Oxidases\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 (\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629) \u0644\u0625\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0644 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u0629. \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645 Cytochrome Oxidase \u0648\u0644\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 Flavin Enzymes\u060c \u0648\u0633\u064a\u0645\u0631 \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629<\/strong> Transferases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629. \u0641\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 Transaminase \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u2013 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 (\u062c\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u2013 \u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0643 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u064a\u0627\u0632) \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0643 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0632\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0643. \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0628\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0627\u064b<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644<\/strong>Decarboxylases\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u2013 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 CO2<\/sub> \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0632\u0639\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0647:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0623<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0628<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0645\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong>:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 CO2 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0632\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0631\u0627\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0643.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633\u0627\u064b<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0629<\/strong>Hydrases \u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0632\u0639) \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 Fumarase\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a ( \u0645\u0627\u0621 + \u0641\u064a\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0643\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0643)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u064b<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0628<\/strong> Isomerases<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0647.\u0648\u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0645 (\u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632) \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621\u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 (\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 2-2 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a). \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0633\u064a\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623 – Racemases \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u2013 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u062e\u0644\u0648\u0637 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0645\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628 – Epimerases \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0636\u0648\u0626\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 Epimer \u0644\u0647.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c – Cis \u2013 Trans Isomerase \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a Cis \u2013 Trans \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0633.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062f – Mutases \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0647\u0640 – Aldo\u2013Keto Isomerases \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0633\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u064a\u062f\u064a (Aldose) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a (Ketose).\u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0623\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a09- <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0643\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a<\/strong> Enzymes as proteins<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0626\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0641 \u0623\u0634\u0639\u0629 (X). \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0627\u0623\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623<\/strong>–<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 Monomeric Enzymes \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0628- \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 Oligomeric Enzymes \u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u062b\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0625\u0644\u0649 60) \u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0644\u062a\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u062c- \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a Multienzyme Complexes\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (\u0623\u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0647\u0627. \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0642\u0648\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0628\u0630\u0644 \u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0644\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0644\u0642\u064a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0623<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/strong> Monomeric Enzymes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0646\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a Hydrolytic Reactions. \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 13000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 35000 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lysozyme (\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0636)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

14600<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

129<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Ribonuclease<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

13700<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

124<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lapain<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

203<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Trypsin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

23800<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

223<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Carboxypeptidase A<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

34600<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

307<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 (Monomeric)<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0635\u063a\u0631. \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0647\u064a \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a Proteases \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0631\u0649 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0642\u062f \u064a\u062d\u062f\u062b \u0636\u0631\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0641\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b (\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0628\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646\u0647) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 Zymogen\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062b\u0645 \u064a\u062c\u0631\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0636\u0645\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629 \u0623\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0645\u0648\u0644\u062f<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Zymogen<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0634\u064a\u0637<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0621<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0642<\/strong> \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pepsinogen<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+ H<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pepsin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pepsin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+ \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629 Fragments<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Trypsinogen<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Enterokinase<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Trypsin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Trypsin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+ \u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0633\u062f\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Chymotry psinogen A<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Trypsin<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

+Chemotrypsin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

– Chemotrypsin<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+ \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Procarboxypeptidase A<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Trypsin<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Carboxypeptidase A<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+ \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Prolastase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Trypsin<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Elastase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

+ \u0623\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0629<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 Active Site \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0644\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a (\u0648\u0647\u064a \u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c\u0643\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0632) \u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0633\u0645\u0649 Serine proteases. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u2013 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u0627\u064b \u2013 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0629 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u063a\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0635\u0627\u0628 Nerve gas (\u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u064a \u0627\u064a\u0633\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0633\u0641\u0627\u062a) \u064a\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062d\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0628<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629<\/strong> Oligomeric Enzymes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0645\u0646 35000 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a (\u0643\u0644 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u062e\u0627\u0635) \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0645\u0639\u0629\u0648\u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0639\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u2013 \u0628\u062a\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b. \u0648\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0636\u062d\u0647\u0646\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a01- \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 Subunit \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 (\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u062f) \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649.<\/span><\/p>\n

2- Protomer \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u064a\u0648\u062c\u062f \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

3- Oligomer \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 (Protomers) \u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0621\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0644\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a (Glycolysis)\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f. \u0648\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0637.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u062a\u062d\u062a<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0646<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Phosphorylase a<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

92500<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

370000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Hexokinase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

27500<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

102000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Phosphofructokinase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0190000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Fructose Diphosphates<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

29000)<\/span><\/p>\n

37000)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

130000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Aldolase (\u0639\u0636\u0644\u0627\u062a)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

40000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

160000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Glyceroldehyde \u2013 3 \u2013 P dehydrogenase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

140000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Enolase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

41000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

82000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Lactic Dehydrogenase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

35000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

150000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Pyruvic kinase<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

4<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

57200<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

237000<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u062a\u0624\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0628\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0623) \u0647\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0630\u0648\u0630.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u062c<\/strong>– <\/strong>\u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a<\/strong> \u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629<\/strong> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a<\/strong> Multienzyme Complexes\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0644\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0648\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0635\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a \u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0626\u0644 (\u0648\u0643\u0623\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0633\u064a\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0621) \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u064a\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0645\u062d \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Keto acid degydrogenase-\u03b1) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 (Fatty acid syathetase) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062f \u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646 REED (\u0641\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0633\u0627\u0633) \u0648 HENNING (\u0641\u064a \u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627) \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u03b1 \u2013 \u0643\u064a\u062a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0635\u064a\u0644. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0643\u0633\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0643Pyruvic dehydrogenase \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 E. Coli \u2013 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0623\u0643\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0649\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 A (Acetyl Co – A) \u0648\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0648\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u2013 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0632\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0632 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u064a\u0631\u0645\u0632 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 Ei<\/sub>, Eii<\/sub>, Eiii<\/sub>) \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0643\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644. \u0623\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0643\u0644 \u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0633\u0647 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0643\u0648\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0646 Ei<\/sub> \u0648Eiii<\/sub> \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u0627 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0639\u0636\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0628\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f Eii<\/sub>\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 Eii<\/sub> \u064a\u0642\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u064a\u0646 Ei<\/sub> \u0648 Eiii<\/sub> \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062e\u0631 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0644\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0631) \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u062a\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0644.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0625\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0627\u0626\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0627\u0645\u0628\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0643\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0642\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-1"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/7"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3796"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3796\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}