\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 (\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0628\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u063a\u0636\u0648\u0646 \u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0641\u0627\u0638 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627[6].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0662. \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0631\u0636
\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0643\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0634\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0634\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0623\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0643\u064a \u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062b\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0646. \u0633\u0646\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0641\u0648\u0641\u0629\/\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 (MALDI-TOF) \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u062d [\u0667].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0663. \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 (AST)
\u0644\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0633\u062a\u062e\u0636\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u0642\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u064a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0629 (CLSI). \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0635 (\u0643\u064a\u0631\u0628\u064a-\u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631) \u0641\u064a \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0634\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643\u064a\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0628\u0628\u062a\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a. \u0648\u0633\u062a\u064f\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 (MDR)[8].<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a
\u0665. \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0633\u064a\u062a\u0645 \u0641\u062d\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 bla_CTX-M \u0648bla_NDM) \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 (\u0645\u062b\u0644 bla_KPC \u0648bla_OXA-48) \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644 (PCR). \u0648\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0644\u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u064a\u0637 [9].<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u0631\u0628\u0637 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n
- \n
- \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
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- \n
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- \n
- \u0633\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u060c \u0625\u0633 \u0625\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0625\u0646. \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a. 2023\u061b 34: 23-29.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062f\u0627\u0633\u060c \u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0625\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0644. \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647. \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0622\u0633\u064a\u0627: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u061b 2021. \u0635 61-78.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0645\u062a\u064a\u0628\u060c \u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0645 \u062a\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u060c \u0625\u0645. \u0623\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0636\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629. 2023\u061b 16(11): 1615.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u062c\u0648\u0634\u064a \u062f\u064a \u0633\u064a\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0633\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0631\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u064a\u0647\u060c \u062c\u0648\u0634\u064a \u0625\u0646. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0646\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a: \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u064a\u062c\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0641\u064a\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a: \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u062f: \u0633\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a\u0631\u061b 2025. \u0635 43-85.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
- \u0631\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0625\u0641 \u0622\u064a. \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0627\u062f: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0643\u061b 2021.
\u0666. \u0666. \u0623\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a-\u0646\u0648\u0643\u0648\u060c \u062f.\u0633. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0643\u0648\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a: \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u063a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u061b \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0662.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\u0667. \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0644.\u062c. \u062a\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u062d\u0648\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629. \u0637\u0631\u0642 \u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0662\u0660\u0660\u0663: \u0661\u0665\u0667.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0668. \u062a\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0645. \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627. \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0662: \u0663\u0669\u0664\u0669-\u0666\u0665.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0669. \u0625\u064a\u063a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0648\u060c \u0633.\u0641. \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u064a\u0626\u064a \u0644\u062c\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664\u061b \u0668(\u0660\u0668): \u0662\u0664\u0661.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0661\u0660. \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629\u060c \u062d.\u060c \u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0645.\u062d.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0639\u064a\u060c \u062a.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0645\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0623.\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0645. \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a: \u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u0629. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0627\u064a\u0641. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0665\u061b \u0661\u0665(\u0661\u0660): \u0661\u0665\u0669\u0668.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0661\u0661. \u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0623.\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0628\u064a\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0625.\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633.\u062f.\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0633\u064a\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0625.\u060c \u062c\u064a\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0645.\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u062a\u0634\u060c \u0623.\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0645\u064a\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0629 \u0643\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0646\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0628\u064a\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0627\u0645\u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641. \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0648\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0626\u064a\u0629. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664\u061b \u0662\u0664\u0663: \u0661\u0661\u0667\u0667\u0669\u0662.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0661\u0662. \u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u060c \u0623\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0648\u060c \u0645\u0648\u062a\u0627 \u0633\u060c \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0631\u0627-\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0623\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0633-\u0623\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0631.\u062c\u060c \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0633 \u062f\u0627 \u0633\u064a\u0644\u0641\u0627 \u062f. \u0646\u0638\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629. \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0664\u061b\u0661\u0662(\u0669):\u0661\u0669\u0662\u0660.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0661\u0663. \u0634\u062c\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0646\u063a \u0633\u060c \u0643\u0631\u0648\u063a\u0641\u064a\u0644\u062a \u0643.\u0623. \u062a\u0642\u064a\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0643\u062a\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0621. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629. \u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661\u061b\u0662\u0660\u0661\u0661(\u0661):\u0663\u0661\u0662\u0669\u0665\u0666.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0661\u0664. \u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0625.\u0623\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0628.\u0625\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062a\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0633.\u0648\u060c \u0647\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062f.\u064a\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0632 \u0633.\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0642\u064a\u0647 \u0645.\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0646. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629. \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0648\u0649 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0628\u0626\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0627\u062a. \u0662\u0660\u0662\u0663\u061b\u0664\u062f\u0664(\u0666):\u0668\u0666\u0661-\u0668.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/1000084024-2.jpg?resize=335%2C332&ssl=1\")
<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631: \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u064f\u0639\u062f\u0651 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0634\u0643\u0644\u0629 \u0635\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":38827,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[123,104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-38826","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-123","category-blogs"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/1000084024-2.jpg?fit=335%2C332&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38826","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=38826"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38826\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38859,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38826\/revisions\/38859"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/38827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=38826"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=38826"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pharmacy.uokerbala.edu.iq\/wp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=38826"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
- \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n
- \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629: \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0647<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n